Water supply apparatus

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a water supply apparatus capable of performing a backup operation, without lowering water supply capability, when a failure has occurred in one control substrate due to surge or noise caused by lightning or due to lifetimes of various sensors, by switching to the other control substrate, and capable of reliably performing the backup operation by means of devices that prevent failure of the control substrates. The water supply apparatus ( 1 ) includes: a plurality of pumps ( 3 ); a plurality of inverters (INV) each configured to change and control a rotational frequency of a corresponding one of the plurality of pumps ( 3 ); and a plurality of control substrates (CN) configured to control the plurality of inverters (INV). When an abnormality occurs in one control substrate, other control substrate backs up the one control substrate to thereby allow the water supply apparatus to continue its operations. The one control substrate, the plurality of inverters (INV), and the other control substrate are connected in series by communication lines. A switch (SW 1 ) for turning on and off a communication is provided on the communication lines.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a water supply apparatus, and moreparticularly to a water supply apparatus having multiple pumps andmultiple inverters for supplying water to an apartment house or the likeby operating the pumps at variable speeds.

BACKGROUND ART

A water supply apparatus, which is installed in an apartment house or abuilding, is a device for supplying water to respective terminal wateroutlets. In the water supply apparatus, it is a common technique tooperate a pump at variable speeds by using an inverter that convertsfrequency and voltage of a commercial AC power supply to desiredfrequency and voltage. The inverter is capable of changing rotationalspeed of a motor, which drives the pump, as desired. Therefore, the pumpcan be operated at an optimal rotational speed corresponding to a load,and energy can be saved compared to a case of operating the pump at arated speed.

This type of water supply apparatus may have a plurality of pumpscontrolled by using a plurality of inverters. In this case, a controlleris provided for controlling these pumps and inverters. In the watersupply apparatus using pumps and inverters, when a failure (e.g.,leakage of electricity, overcurrent, or open-phase) occurs in one pumpor motor, water supply operation is switched to another pumpautomatically, so that water failure can be avoided.

Japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2005-351267 discloses a watersupply apparatus that never fails to supply water. In this apparatus,when a controller (a control substrate) for controlling pumps andinverters stops functioning properly due to some causes during watersupply operation, backup operation is performed so as to switch thefaulty control substrate to a control substrate in a standby state.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

However, the control substrate is susceptible to surge and noise causedby lightning, which often cause a failure of the control substrate.Further, decrease in lifetime of various sensors due to consumptionthereof may often cause malfunction of the control substrate.Consequently, when one control substrate fails and another controlsubstrate in a standby state is to be started, the backup operation maynot be performed due to malfunction of the control substrate. In thismanner, although the water supply apparatus has the backup function,such function may not work.

The present invention has been made in view of the above drawback. It istherefore an object of the present invention to provide a water supplyapparatus capable of performing a backup operation, without loweringwater supply capability, when a failure has occurred in one controlsubstrate due to surge or noise caused by lightning or due to lifetimesof various sensors, by switching to the other control substrate, andcapable of reliably performing the backup operation by means of devicesthat prevent failure of the control substrates.

In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of thepresent invention, there is provided a water supply apparatus including:a plurality of pumps; a plurality of inverters each configured to changeand control a rotational frequency of a corresponding one of theplurality of pumps; and a plurality of control substrates configured tocontrol the plurality of inverters, wherein when an abnormality occursin one control substrate, other control substrate backs up the onecontrol substrate to thereby allow the water supply apparatus tocontinue its operations, wherein the one control substrate, theplurality of inverters, and the other control substrate are connected inseries by communication lines, and wherein a switch for turning on andoff a communication is provided on the communication lines.

Abnormalities that can occur in the control substrate include not onlyan abnormality of the control substrate itself (e.g., an abnormality ofCPU in the control substrate), but also situations in which the controlsubstrate cannot function normally as a result of an abnormalityoccurred in one of devices (or one of parts) in respective systemsconnected to the control substrate. These situations include anabnormality in an power source, an abnormality in an power supply systemfor feeding power to the control substrate, a failure of a pressuresensor connected to the control substrate, and the like.

According to the present invention, when an abnormality has occurred inone control substrate, the other control substrate, which is in astandby state, performs the backup operation. When the backup operationis performed, the switch for turning on and off the communication isturned off to physically break the communication line between thecontrol substrate in an abnormal state and the inverters. Consequently,the plural inverters are controlled only by the other control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, an output deviceconfigured to output signals for turning on and off the switch isprovided in the one control substrate or the other control substrate.

According to the present invention, the switch for separating thecontrol substrate in an abnormal state from the communication line canbe activated by ON/OFF signals outputted from the normal controlsubstrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the switch is providedon a communication line connecting the one control substrate and/or theother control substrate to a first one of the plurality of inverters.

According to the present invention, the communication between thecontrol substrate in which an abnormality has occurred and the firstinverter can be cut off. Therefore, a wrong command from the faultycontrol substrate is not transmitted to any inverters.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the plurality of controlsubstrates have a reset function to stop the communication of the onecontrol substrate or the other control substrate in operation and toreset the switch, in order to restart the one control substrate or theother control substrate after the switch is operated as a result ofoccurrence of the abnormality.

According to the present invention, upon occurrence of an abnormality inthe control substrate in operation, the switch for turning on and offthe communication is turned off, and the control substrate is switchedto the other control substrate, so that the inverters are controlled bythe other control substrate. During this control operation by the othercontrol substrate, the communication of this control substrate isstopped, and the switch in an OFF state is reset to ON. Then, thecontrol substrate, in which the abnormality has occurred, is restartedand thus returned.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, power switches areprovided in a power supply system for supplying power to the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate, respectively.

According to the present invention, when the one control substrate or asignal system related thereto is repaired or replaced, the power switchis turned off to separate the one control substrate, thereby enablingthe other control substrate to continue the operation of the apparatus.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the power switches areprovided in the plurality of control substrates.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate are supplied with power at alltimes.

According to the present invention, the power switches are on at alltimes, and the power supply circuits in the control substrates are alsoon at all times. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in either one ofthe control substrates, the other control substrate can back up the onecontrol substrate immediately. Consequently, the operation of the watersupply apparatus can be maintained. Further, when the control substratein an abnormal state is returned, its returning operation can beperformed in a short time.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate are connected via acommunication line, and a monitoring device for monitoring whether ornot the plurality of control substrates are operating normally isprovided.

According to the present invention, the monitoring device can monitorwhether the control substrates are operating normally or not using thecommunication line connecting the one control substrate and the othercontrol substrate. Therefore, the backup operation or the returningoperation after the backup operation can be performed after it ischecked whether or not those operations can be performed.

The monitoring device may be arranged at a location other than the onecontrol substrate and the other control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate are connected via acommunication line, and a monitoring device for monitoring whether ornot the plurality of control substrates and the plurality of invertersare communicating normally is provided.

According to the present invention, the monitoring device can monitorwhether the communication between the control substrates and theinverters is functioning properly or not using the communication lineconnecting the one control substrate and the other control substrate.Therefore, the backup operation or the returning operation after thebackup operation can be performed after it is checked whether or notthose operations can be performed.

The monitoring device may be arranged at a location other than the onecontrol substrate and the other control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the at least one controlsubstrate and the plurality of inverters are connected by signal linesthat convey analog signals or contact signals.

According to the present invention, even if all of the communicationsfail to function, the inverters can be controlled by the analog signalsor the contact signals through the signal lines connecting the controlsubstrate and the inverters. That is, even when the abnormality occursin the communication, the water supply apparatus can continue itsoperation by backing up the communication with the analog signals or thecontact signals that are resistant to external causes, such as surge andnoise. In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have the pressure-detectingsections; a pressure sensor is provided in one of the pressure-detectingsections; and a pressure switch is provided in other of thepressure-detecting sections.

According to the present invention, the pressure sensor is connected tothe one control substrate and the pressure switch is connected to theother control substrate. Because the pressure switch has a higher levelof resistance to the external causes, such as noise, than that of thepressure sensor, the influence of the external causes can be reduced.Therefore, when the backup is needed, systems at the backup side,including the control substrate connected to the pressure switch, can beoperated reliably.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each of the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate has at least one set ofpressure-detecting device.

According to the present invention, at least one set ofpressure-detecting device is provided for each control substrate.Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the pressure-detectingdevice for the one control substrate, the pressure-detecting device forthe other control substrate can back up the faulty pressure-detectingdevice.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the water supplyapparatus further includes a judging device configured to comparedetection values inputted from the pressure-detection devices into theone control substrate and the other control substrate and to judge thatthe input signals are abnormal when the detection values are different.

According to the present invention, in case of a failure or anabnormality in the pressure-detecting device, such failure orabnormality can be detected immediately.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have power input sections,respectively; and each of the power input sections is connected to acorresponding one of power supply sections and is configured to be ableto be connected to other of the power supply sections.

According to the present invention, if a failure occurs in one powersupply section while it supplies power to the power input section of theone control substrate, the other power supply section can back up thefaulty power supply section to feed power to the power input section ofthe one control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate include the power supplysections therein, respectively.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the water supplyapparatus further includes a plurality of operation indicators throughwhich various kinds of settings for operation and control of the watersupply apparatus are performed, the plurality of operation indicatorsbeing connected to the plurality of control substrates, respectively,wherein the plurality of operation indicators have displays configuredto indicate operating conditions of the water supply apparatus.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provideda water supply apparatus, including: a plurality of pumps; a pluralityof inverters each configured to change and control a rotationalfrequency of a corresponding one of the plurality of pumps; and aplurality of control substrates configured to control the plurality ofinverters, wherein when an abnormality occurs in one control substrate,other control substrate backs up the one control substrate to therebyallow the water supply apparatus to continue its operations, whereineach of the plurality of inverters is provided with at least twodifferent communication ports, and wherein the one control substrate isconnected to the plurality of inverters in series by communication linesand the other control substrate is connected to the plurality ofinverters in series by different communication lines.

Abnormalities that can occur in the control substrate include not onlyan abnormality of the control substrate itself (e.g., an abnormality ofCPU in the control substrate), but also situations in which the controlsubstrate cannot function normally as a result of an abnormalityoccurred in one of devices (or one of parts) in respective systemsconnected to the control substrate. These situations include anabnormality in an power source, an abnormality in an power supply systemfor feeding power to the control substrate, a failure of a pressuresensor connected to the control substrate, and the like.

According to the present invention, the one control substrate isconnected to the plurality of inverters in series by communication linesand the other control substrate is connected to the plurality ofinverters in series by different communication lines. With thesearrangements, when an abnormality occurs in one of the multiple sets ofcommunication lines, the communication can be secured by the other setof communication lines. Therefore, the inverters can be prevented fromgoing out of control that can be caused by a failure of thecommunication lines due to noise or the like.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality ofcontrol substrates is provided with at least two different communicationports, and the one control substrate, the plurality of inverters, andthe other control substrate are connected in series by a plurality ofcommunication lines, respectively.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, different communicationlines extend respectively from the one control substrate and the othercontrol substrate to a last one of the plurality of inverters in series.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the at least one controlsubstrate and the plurality of inverters are connected by signal linesthat convey analog signals or contact signals.

According to the present invention, even if all of the communicationsfail to function, the inverters can be controlled by the analog signalsor the contact signals through the signal lines connecting the controlsubstrate and the inverters. That is, even when the abnormality occursin the communication, the water supply apparatus can continue itsoperation by backing up the communication with the analog signals or thecontact signals that are resistant to external causes, such as surge andnoise.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, a switch for turning onand off a communication is provided on the communication linesconnecting the one control substrate or the other control substrate tothe plurality of inverters.

According to the present invention, when an abnormality has occurred inone control substrate, the other control substrate, which is in astandby state, performs the backup operation. When the backup operationis performed, the other control substrate outputs an OFF signal for theswitch to turn off the switch to thereby physically break thecommunication line between the control substrate in an abnormal stateand the inverters. Consequently, the plural inverters are controlledonly by the other control substrate. Therefore, a wrong command is nottransmitted from the faulty control substrate to the inverters.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the switch is providedon a communication line connecting the one control substrate and/or theother control substrate to a first one of the plurality of inverters.

According to the present invention, the communication between the faultycontrol substrate and the first inverter can be cut off. Therefore, awrong command from the faulty control substrate is not transmitted toany inverters.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have pressure-detectingsections; a pressure sensor is provided in one of the pressure-detectingsections; and a pressure switch is provided in other of thepressure-detecting sections.

According to the present invention, the pressure sensor is connected tothe one control substrate and the pressure switch is connected to theother control substrate. Because the pressure switch has a higher levelof resistance to the external causes, such as noise, than that of thepressure sensor, the influence of the external causes can be reduced.Therefore, when the backup is needed, systems at the backup side,including the control substrate connected to the pressure switch, can beoperated reliably.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each of the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate has at least one set ofpressure-detecting device.

According to the present invention, at least one set ofpressure-detecting device is provided for each control substrate.Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the pressure-detectingdevice for the one control substrate, the pressure-detecting device forthe other control substrate can back up the faulty pressure-detectingdevice.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the water supplyapparatus further includes a judging device configured to comparedetection values inputted from the pressure-detection devices into theone control substrate and the other control substrate and to judge thatthe input signals are abnormal when the detection values are different.

According to the present invention, in case of a failure or anabnormality in the pressure-detecting device, such failure orabnormality can be detected immediately.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have power input sections,respectively; and each of the power input sections is connected to acorresponding one of power supply sections and is configured to be ableto be connected to other of the power supply sections.

According to the present invention, if a failure occurs in one powersupply section while it supplies power to the power input section of theone control substrate, the other power supply section can back up thefaulty power supply section to feed power to the power input section ofthe one control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate include the power supplysections therein, respectively.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the water supplyapparatus further includes a plurality of operation indicators throughwhich various kinds of settings for operation and control of the watersupply apparatus are performed, the plurality of operation indicatorsbeing connected to the plurality of control substrates, respectively,wherein the plurality of operation indicators have displays configuredto indicate operating conditions of the water supply apparatus.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provideda water supply apparatus, including: a plurality of pumps; a pluralityof inverters each configured to change and control a rotationalfrequency of a corresponding one of the plurality of pumps; and aplurality of control substrates configured to control the plurality ofinverters, wherein when an abnormality occurs in one control substrate,other control substrate backs up the one control substrate to therebyallow the water supply apparatus to continue its operations, whereinmultiple sets of power supply systems, multiple sets of signals systems,and multiple sets of control systems are connected to the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate, and wherein in at least oneof the power supply systems, the signals systems, and the controlsystems, one of the multiple sets has a different level of resistance toexternal causes from a level of resistance to the external causes ofother of the multiple sets.

Abnormalities that can occur in the control substrate include not onlyan abnormality of the control substrate itself (e.g., an abnormality ofCPU in the control substrate), but also situations in which the controlsubstrate cannot function normally as a result of an abnormalityoccurred in one of devices (or one of parts) in respective systemsconnected to the control substrate. These situations include anabnormality in an power source, an abnormality in an power supply systemfor feeding power to the control substrate, a failure of a pressuresensor connected to the control substrate, and the like.

According to the present invention, the systems, connected to the backupcontrol substrate, can have a higher level of tolerance to the surge andnoise and a higher level of resistance to external causes, such aswater-pressure resistance. Therefore, when the backup operation isneeded, the systems at the backup side including the control substratecan be operated reliably.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the level of resistanceto the external causes is a level of tolerance to at least one of surgeand noise.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the level of toleranceto the surge and/or noise with respect to the other of the multiple setsconnected to the other control substrate is higher than the level oftolerance to the surge and/or noise with respect to the one of themultiple sets connected to the one control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the level of resistanceto the external causes is water-pressure resistance of apressure-detecting section; and water-pressure resistance of apressure-detecting section connected to the one control substrate isdifferent from water-pressure resistance of a pressure-detecting sectionconnected to the other control substrate.

According to the present invention, the pressure-detecting sections havedifferent water-pressure resistances. Therefore, even if high waterpressure, such as water hammer, is applied to the pressure-detectingsections, failure risk of the pressure-detecting sections can bereduced.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, a plurality ofpressure-detecting sections are connected to each of the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate; and the plurality ofpressure-detecting sections in the same control substrate have differentwater-pressure resistances.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have pressure-detectingsections; a pressure sensor is provided in one of the pressure-detectingsections; and a pressure switch is provided in other of thepressure-detecting sections.

According to the present invention, the pressure sensor is connected tothe one control substrate and the pressure switch is connected to theother control substrate. Because the pressure switch has a higher levelof resistance to the external causes, such as noise, than that of thepressure sensor, the influence of the external causes can be reduced.Therefore, when the backup is needed, the systems at the backup side,including the control substrate connected to the pressure switch, can beoperated reliably.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, each of the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate has at least one set ofpressure-detecting device.

According to the present invention, at least one set ofpressure-detecting device is provided for each control substrate.Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the pressure-detectingdevice for the one control substrate, the pressure-detecting device forthe other control substrate can back up the faulty pressure-detectingdevice.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the water supplyapparatus further includes a judging device configured to comparedetection values inputted from the pressure-detection devices into theone control substrate and the other control substrate and to judge thatthe input signals are abnormal when the detection values are different.

According to the present invention, in case of a failure or anabnormality in the pressure-detecting device, such failure orabnormality can be detected immediately.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate have power input sections,respectively; and each of the power input sections is connected to acorresponding one of power supply sections and is configured to be ableto be connected to other of the power supply sections.

According to the present invention, if a failure occurs in one powersupply section while it supplies power to the power input section of theone control substrate, the other power supply section can back up thefaulty power supply section to feed power to the power input section ofthe one control substrate.

In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the one controlsubstrate and the other control substrate include the power supplysections therein, respectively.

According to the present invention, the following effects can beachieved.

(1) Even if one control substrate fails to function as a result of surgeor noise caused by lightning or lifetime of various sensors, the othercontrol substrate can allow the water supply apparatus to maintain itsoperation without lowering water supply capability.

(2) Because one control substrate is connected to the plurality ofinverters in series by the communication lines and the other controlsubstrate is connected to the plurality of inverters in series by thedifferent communication lines, even if an abnormality occurs in one ofthe multiple sets of communication lines, the communication can bemaintained by the other set of communication lines. Therefore, theinverters can be prevented from going out of control that can be causedby a failure of the communication lines due to noise or the like.

(3) Because the systems, connected to the backup control substrate, havea higher level of tolerance to the surge and noise and a higher level ofresistance to external causes, such as water-pressure resistance, thesystems at the backup side including the control substrate can beoperated reliably when the backup operation is needed.

(4) Possible causes of simultaneous failure of the control substratesinclude application of high water pressure, e.g., water hammer, to thepressure-detecting sections. Such high water pressure may exceedwithstand water pressure of the pressure-detecting sections and maycause breakdown of the pressure-detecting sections. According to thepresent invention, because the pressure-detecting sections havedifferent water-pressure resistances, the failure risk of thepressure-detecting sections can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an entire structure of a water supplyapparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention and is a schematic view showingfurther details of a structure of communication lines of the watersupply apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which another switchis added to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which a function ofstopping communication of a control substrate in operation and afunction of resetting a switch for turning on and off the communicationare added to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a sequence of resetting the switchfor turning on and off the communication in the water supply apparatusshown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing further details of a structure of apower supply system of the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1 andFIG. 2;

FIG. 7A is a flow chart of a monitoring system for monitoring a controlsubstrate at the opposite side using a communication line connecting onecontrol substrate to the other control substrate;

FIG. 7B is a view showing an arrangement of a monitoring substrate;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a monitoring system for monitoring whether ornot the communication is performed normally between the controlsubstrate at the opposite side and inverters, using the communicationline connecting one control substrate and the other control substrate;

FIG. 9A is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which switches forturning on and off the communications are provided in the water supplyapparatus shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention and is a schematic view showingfurther details of arrangement of components of the water supplyapparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing pressure-detecting sections of thewater supply apparatus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing pressure-detecting sections of thewater supply apparatus according to another embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which power inputsections are provided in the control substrates of the water supplyapparatus;

FIG. 16 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention; and

FIG. 17 is a front view showing a control board of the water supplyapparatus.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A water supply apparatus according to embodiments of the presentinvention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 through FIG.17. In FIG. 1 through FIG. 17, the same or corresponding structuralelements are denoted by the same reference numerals and repetitiveexplanations are omitted.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an entire structure of a water supplyapparatus 1 according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, solid lines(thick lines) represent a power supply system, dashed lines represent acontrol system (communication lines), and arrows represent a signalsystem (signal lines). The water supply apparatus includes a pluralityof pumps and a plurality of inverters. In the present embodiment, thewater supply apparatus, having three pumps and three inverters, will bedescribed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water supply apparatus 1 includes a waterreservoir 2, three pumps 3 coupled to the water reservoir 2 via pipes10, three motors 4 for driving the three pumps 3, respectively, threeinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 for controlling rotational frequencies ofthe three motors 4, respectively, and two control substrates (i.e., acontrol substrate 1 and a control substrate 2) CN1 and CN2 forcontrolling various devices including the three inverters INV1 to INV3.

Power is supplied to the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 from a powersource 5 via earth leakage breakers ELB1, ELB2, and ELB3, respectively.Power with controlled frequency is supplied to the motors 4 from theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3, respectively. Further, power is suppliedto the two control substrates (the control substrate 1, the controlsubstrate 2) CN1 and CN2 from the power source 5 via noise filters NF1and NF2 and surge absorbers AL1 and AL2. The earth leakage breakersELB1, ELB2, and ELB3 are connected to the control substrate CN1 and thecontrol substrate CN2 via the signal lines, respectively.

The control substrate (control substrate 1) CN1, the inverter INV1, theinverter INV2, the inverter INV3, and the control substrate (controlsubstrate 2) CN2 are connected in series, i.e., linked in a row, by thecommunication lines. Specifically, a communication port 1 of the controlsubstrate CN1, a port of the inverter INV1, a port of the inverter INV2,a port of the inverter INV3, and a communication port 1 of the controlsubstrate CN2 are connected in this order by RS485. Therefore, when thecontrol substrate CN1 sends a certain command (information), the samecommand (information) is transmitted to the inverters INV1, INV2, andINV3 and the control substrate CN2. Further, when the control substrateCN2 sends a certain command (information), the same command(information) is transmitted to the inverters INV3, INV2, and INV1 andthe control substrate CN1. The control substrate CN1 and the controlsubstrate CN2 are interconnected by RS485 via communication ports 3.

In the above-described structures, when an abnormality occurs in onecontrol substrate CN1 (or CN2) during operation of the water supplyapparatus 1, the other control substrate CN2 (or CN1), which is in astandby state, backs up the control substrate CN1 (or CN2), so that theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 can be controlled by the controlsubstrate CN2 (or CN1) to thereby maintain operations of the pumps 3.

Abnormalities that can occur in the control substrate CN1 (or CN2)include not only the abnormality in the control substrate CN1 (or CN2)itself (e.g., abnormality in CPU in the control substrate) but alsosituations in which the control substrate CN1 (or CN2) cannot functionnormally as a result of an abnormality occurred in one of devices (orone of parts) of the respective systems connected to the controlsubstrate CN1 (or CN2). These situations include an abnormality in thepower source, an abnormality in the power supply system for feedingpower to the control substrate, a failure of a pressure sensor (e.g.,pressure sensors PS1 and PS2 described later) connected to the controlsubstrate, and the like.

Two sets of water level detectors WL1 and WL2, each having electrodebars 12 a for detecting a water level in the water reservoir 2, areprovided in the water reservoir 2. The water level detectors WL1 and WL2in this embodiment detect four liquid levels (full level, low level,return, dry level). In the present embodiment, the water level detectorWL1 is connected to the control substrate CN1 via the signal line, andthe water level detector WL2 is connected to the control substrate CN2via the signal line. City water is introduced, via an electromagneticvalve 16, into the water reservoir 2 through a water supply pipe 14coupled to a main water pipe (not shown in the drawing). The water leveldetectors WL1 and WL2 detect the water level in the water reservoir 2,and the control substrate CN1 (or CN2) opens and closes theelectromagnetic valve 16 according to an increase and a decrease in thewater level. With this structure, the city water is once stored in thewater reservoir 2, and the water stored therein is supplied by the pumps3 to water-supply terminal in a house or the like.

Pipes 18 are connected to discharge sides of the pumps 3, respectively.The three pipes 18 merge into a discharge pipe 20. With thesearrangements, the city water in the water reservoir 2 is supplied to thewater-supply terminals in a house or the like by the pumps 3 through thepipes 18 and the discharge pipe 20. A check valve 22 and a flow switch24 are provided in each pipe 18. Output of the flow switch 24 isinputted to the control substrates CN1 and CN2. Specifically, each flowswitch 24 is connected to the control substrate CN1 and the controlsubstrate CN2 via signal lines. The check valve 22 is a back-flowpreventing valve for preventing back flow of the water from a dischargeside to a suction side when the pump 3 is stopped. The flow switch 24 isa low-flow detector for detecting a low flow rate of the water flowingthrough the pipe 18.

Two pressure sensors (a pressure sensor 1, a pressure sensor 2) PS1 andPS2 each for detecting discharge pressure of the pumps 3 are provided inthe discharge pipe 20. Output signals of the pressure sensors PS1 andPS2 are inputted into the control substrates CN1 and CN2. Specifically,the pressure sensor PS1 is connected to the control substrate CN1 via asignal line, and the pressure sensor PS2 is connected to the controlsubstrate CN2 via a signal line. A pressure tank 28 is coupled to thedischarge pipe 20. When the flow switch 24 detects the low flow rate,the pump 3 is operated so as to cause an accumulation of pressure in thepressure tank 28 in order to avoid a shut-off operation of the pump 3and then the operation of the pump 3 is stopped.

In this water supply apparatus 1, rotational speeds (rotationalfrequencies) of the pumps 3 are changed and controlled using theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 based on the output signals of the flowswitches 24, the pressure sensors (pressure sensor 1, pressure sensor 2)PS1 and PS2, and the like. Typically, constant discharge-pressurecontrol or estimated constant end-pressure control is performed. Theconstant discharge-pressure control is a control method of keeping thedischarge pressure of the pumps 3 constant by controlling the rotationalspeeds of the pumps 3 such that pressure signals, detected by thepressure sensors PS1 and PS2, agree with a preset target pressure. Theestimated constant end-pressure control is a control method of keepingthe water-supply pressure at the water-supply terminal constant byappropriately changing a target value of the discharge pressure of thepumps 3. According to these control methods, the pumps 3 are driven atrotational speeds suited to a required flow rate of the moment, thusachieving energy saving.

When the flow switch 24 is turned on, it is judged that water is notused or the flow rate of the water is low, and the operation of the pump3 is stopped (a low flow-rate stop operation is performed). When the useof the water is detected based on the decrease in the dischargepressure, the pump is restarted. In the case where the pump 3 is stoppedwhen the flow rate of the water is low, it is possible to perform thepressure accumulating operation in which the pump 3 is accelerated onceso as to cause the accumulation of the pressure in the pressure tank 28and then the pump 3 is stopped.

The water supply apparatus 1 according to this embodiment includes themultiple pumps 3. Therefore, parallel operation of the multiple pumps,which involves addition and separation of pump, may be performed.Further, when an abnormality is detected in one of the pumps 3 or one ofthe inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 during operation, the operation maybe switched to another normal pump 3 or another normal inverter INV1,INV2, or INV3 so as to maintain the supply of water. The pipes 10 may beconnected directly to the main water pipe, without installing the waterreservoir 2, to provide a direct connecting water supply apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention and is a schematic view showingfurther details of a structure of the communication lines of the watersupply apparatus shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, one controlsubstrate CN1 is connected to the other control substrate CN2 in seriesby the communication lines via the three inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.A switch SW1 for turning on and off the communication is provided on acommunication line connecting the control substrate CN1 and the firstinverter INV1. Specifically, the switch SW1 for turning on and off thecommunication is provided on the first communication line of thecommunication lines connecting the control substrate CN1 and theinverters INV1-INV3. This switch SW1 is a device having a contact and isconfigured to physically break the communication line. ON/OFF control ofthe switch SW1 is performed based on ON/OFF signals outputted from thecontrol substrate CN2.

In the above-described structures, when an abnormality occurs in thecontrol substrate CN1, the other control substrate CN2, which is in astandby state, backs up the control substrate CN1. When the backupoperation is performed, the control substrate CN2 outputs an OFF signalfor the switch to turn off the switch SW1, thereby physically breakingthe communication line between the control substrate CN1 and theinverter INV1. As a result, the three inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 arecontrolled only by the control substrate CN2. Therefore, a wrong commandfrom the control substrate CN1 in an abnormal state is not transmittedto the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which a switch SW2is added to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.Specifically, the switch SW2 for turning on and off the communication isprovided on a communication line connecting the control substrate CN2and the inverter INV3. The switch SW2 is provided on the communicationline connecting the control substrate CN2 and the first inverter INV3.ON/OFF control of the switch SW2 is performed based on ON/OFF signalsoutputted from the control substrate CN1.

In the above-described structures, when an abnormality occurs in thecontrol substrate CN1, the other control substrate CN2, which is in astandby state, backs up the control substrate CN1. When the backupoperation is performed, the control substrate CN2 outputs an OFF signalfor the switch to turn off the switch SW1, thereby physically breakingthe communication line between the control substrate CN1 and theinverter INV1. As a result, the three inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 arecontrolled only by the control substrate CN2. On the other hand, when anabnormality occurs in the control substrate CN2 during operation of thecontrol substrate CN2, the other control substrate CN1, which is in astandby state, backs up the control substrate CN2. When this backupoperation is performed, the control substrate CN1 outputs an OFF signalfor the switch to turn off the switch SW2, thereby physically breakingthe communication line between the control substrate CN2 and theinverter INV3. As a result, the three inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 arecontrolled only by the control substrate CN1. Therefore, a wrong commandfrom the control substrate CN2 in an abnormal state is not transmittedto the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which a function ofstopping the communication of the control substrate in operation and afunction of resetting the switch for turning on and off thecommunication are added to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 3.Specifically, the control substrate CN2 has a reset function to stop thecommunication of the control substrate CN2 during operation of thecontrol substrate CN2 and to reset the switch SW1 in an OFF state toturn on the switch SW1. The control substrate CN1 also has a resetfunction to stop the communication of the control substrate CN1 duringoperation of the control substrate CN1 and to reset the switch SW2 in anOFF state to turn on the switch SW2.

With the above-described configurations, when an abnormality occurs inthe control substrate CN1, the switch SW1 is turned off, and theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 are controlled by the control substrateCN2 (FIG. 4 shows this state). While the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3are controlled by the control substrate CN2, the communication of thecontrol substrate CN2 is stopped and the switch SW1 in an OFF state isreset to ON. Then, the control substrate CN1 is restarted. As a result,the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 can be controlled by the controlsubstrate CN1. While the communication of the control substrate CN2 isstopped, the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 are controlled based onprevious commands that have been given before the control substrate CN2stops the communication.

When an abnormality occurs in the control substrate CN2, the switch SW2is turned off, and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 are controlled bythe control substrate CN1. While the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 arecontrolled by the control substrate CN1, the communication of thecontrol substrate CN1 is stopped and the switch SW2 in an OFF state isreset to ON. Then, the control substrate CN2 is restarted. As a result,the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 can be controlled by the controlsubstrate CN2. While the communication of the control substrate CN1 isstopped, the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 are controlled based onprevious commands that have been given before the control substrate CN1stops the communication.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a sequence of resetting the switchfor turning on and off the communication in the water supply apparatusshown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, a returning process of the controlsubstrate at the opposite side is performed according to the followingprocedures. The following description relates to the backup operation bythe control substrate CN2. Descriptions in parentheses indicate a caseof the backup operation by the control substrate CN1. At step S1, it isdetermined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in thecommunication 3 between the control substrate CN1 and the controlsubstrate CN2. In the event of the abnormality, the backup operationcontinues without returning the control substrate CN1 (or CN2). When theabnormality does not occur in the communication 3, at step S2, thecommunication from the control substrate CN2 (or CN1) in operation tothe inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 is stopped. Next, at step S3, theswitch SW1 (or SW2) in an OFF signal state is reset to ON. At step S4,it is judged whether or not a signal “abnormality in all invertercommunications, during automatic operation” has been received in thecommunication 3 from the control substrate at the opposite side. If theabove signal is not received, the backup operation by the controlsubstrate CN2 is terminated because the system of the control substrateCN1 (or CN2) functions properly. On the other hand, if the above signalis received, at step S5, an OFF signal for the switch SW1 (or SW2) isoutputted.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing further details of the power supplysystem of the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. Asshown in FIG. 6, power switches PSW1 and PSW2 are provided in the powersupply system for supplying power to the control substrates CN1 and CN2,respectively. In this embodiment, the power switch PSW1 is arrangedbetween the noise filter NF1 and the control substrate CN1, and thepower switch PSW2 is arranged between the noise filter NF2 and thecontrol substrate CN2. However, the power switches PSW1 and PSW2 may bearranged in the control substrates CN1 and CN2.

With the above-described configurations, when one control substrate orthe signal system related thereto is repaired or replaced, the operationcan be maintained by the other control substrate. In an ordinary state,the power switches PSW1 and PSW2 are on at all times, and power supplycircuits (not shown in the drawing) in the control substrates CN1 andCN2 are also on at all times. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs inone of the control substrates, e.g., in the control substrate CN1 (orCN2), the other control substrate CN2 (or CN1) can back up the controlsubstrate CN1 (or CN2) immediately, whereby the operation of the watersupply apparatus can be continued. Further, the control substrate CN1(or CN2) in which the abnormality has occurred can be returned in ashort time.

Next, a monitoring system in the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 1and FIG. 2 will be described.

FIG. 7A is a flow chart of the monitoring system for monitoring thecontrol substrate at the opposite side using the communication lineconnecting the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2. Asshown in FIG. 7A, the monitoring process for the control substrate atthe opposite side is performed according to the following procedures.The following description relates to the backup operation by the controlsubstrate CN2 when the control substrate CN1 is in operation.Descriptions in parentheses indicate a case of the backup operation bythe control substrate CN1 when the control substrate CN2 is inoperation.

As shown in FIG. 7A, it is judged whether or not an abnormality hasoccurred in the communication 3 that is performed through thecommunication line connecting the control substrate CN1 and the controlsubstrate CN2, and it is judged whether or not the control substrate CN1(or CN2) is abnormal. When the control substrate CN1 (or CN2) isabnormal, a cut-off signal (an OFF signal) for the switch SW1 (or SW2)is outputted, and the backup operation by the control substrate CN2 (orCN1) is performed. When the control substrate CN1 (or CN2) is notabnormal, the cut-off signal (the OFF signal) for the switch SW1 (orSW2) is not outputted.

As shown in FIG. 7B, it is possible to provide a monitoring substrate 30located midway along the communication line connecting the controlsubstrate CN 1 and the control substrate CN2. The monitoring substrate30 has communication ports (not shown in the drawing) that can beconnected to the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2,and the monitoring substrate 30 is connected to the control substrateCN1 and the control substrate CN2 via communication lines. Themonitoring substrate 30 monitors, through these communication lines,whether or not the control substrate CN 1 and the control substrate CN2are operating normally. When an abnormality occurs in one controlsubstrate CN1 (or CN2), the monitoring substrate 30 notifies the othercontrol substrate CN2 (or CN1), through the communication line, that theabnormality has occurred in the control substrate CN1 (or CN2). As shownin this example, it is possible to provide a device for judgingabnormalities of both the control substrates CN1 and CN2comprehensively, instead of providing the function in the controlsubstrate CN2 (or CN1) to judge the abnormality of the other controlsubstrate CN1 (or CN2). In this example also, the control substrates CN1and CN2 do not judge the abnormalities of themselves, and there is nodifference in operation between the examples shown in FIG. 7A and FIG.7B, except in that the abnormality is notified.

With the above-described configurations, the backup operation or thereturning operation after the backup operation can be performed after itis checked whether or not those operations can be performed.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a monitoring system for monitoring whether ornot the communication is performed normally between the controlsubstrate at the opposite side and the inverters, using thecommunication line connecting the control substrate CN1 and the controlsubstrate CN2. As shown in FIG. 8, the monitoring process between theinverters and the control substrate is performed according to thefollowing procedures. The following description relates to the backupoperation by the control substrate CN2 when the control substrate CN1 isin operation. Descriptions in parentheses indicate a case of the backupoperation by the control substrate CN1 when the control substrate CN2 isin operation.

As shown in FIG. 8, it is judged whether or not a signal “abnormality inall inverter communications, during automatic operation” has beenreceived from the control substrate at the opposite side in thecommunication 3 that is performed via the communication line between thecontrol substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2, and it is judgedwhether or not a communication abnormality between the control substrateCN1 (or CN2) and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 has occurred. In thecase of the communication abnormality, a cut-off signal (an OFF signal)for the switch SW1 (or SW2) is outputted, so that the backup operationby the control substrate CN2 (or CN1) is performed. In the case wherethe communication abnormality does not occur, the cut-off signal (theOFF signal) for the switch SW1 (or SW2) is not outputted.

With the above-described configurations, the backup operation or thereturning operation after the backup operation can be performed after itis checked whether or not those operations can be performed.

FIG. 9A is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention. The water supply apparatus shown inFIG. 1 has one set of communication lines connecting between the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. On theother hand, the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 9A has two sets ofcommunication lines between the control substrates CN1 and CN2 and theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

Specifically, two communication ports (i.e., a communication port 1 anda communication port 2) are provided in each of the control substratesCN1 and CN2, and two ports (i.e., a port 1 and a port 2) are provided ineach of the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. The control substrate CN1,the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3, and the control substrate CN2 areconnected in series by different communication lines L1 and L2. Withthese arrangements, two sets of communication lines that enable acommunication 1 and a communication 2 are provided. In this embodiment,RS485 is used in the communication lines L1 and L2. In FIG. 9A, thecommunication lines L1, which are one of the two sets of communicationlines, are shown in solid lines, and the communication lines L2, whichare the other of the two sets of communication lines, are shown indotted lines. The control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2are connected by a communication line L3 via communication ports 3, sothat a communication 3 can be established between the control substrateCN1 and the control substrate CN2. RS485 is also used in thecommunication line L3.

According to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 9A, in the casewhere an abnormality has occurred in the communication lines L1 (or L2),the communication can be maintained by the other communication lines L2(or L1). Therefore, this embodiment can prevent the inverters INV1,INV2, and INV3 from going out of control that can be caused by a failureof the communication lines due to noise or the like.

As shown in FIG. 9B, only one communication port may be provided in eachof the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2 such that thecontrol substrate CN1 and the inverters INV1-INV3 are connected inseries by communication lines and the control substrate CN2 and theinverters INV1-INV3 are connected in series by different communicationlines.

FIG. 10 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention. The water supply apparatus shown inFIG. 10 has two sets of communication lines between the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3, andfurther has structure that can convey analog signals or contact signalsbetween the control substrates and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

Specifically, two communication ports (i.e., the communication port 1and the communication port 2) are provided in each of the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2, and two ports (i.e., the port 1 and the port 2)are provided in each of the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. The controlsubstrate CN1 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 are connected inseries by the communication lines L1, and the control substrate CN2 andthe inverters INV3, INV2, and INV1 are connected in series by thecommunication lines L2. Further, signal lines SL1, SL2, and SL3 throughwhich the analog signals or the contact signals are sent between thecontrol substrate CN2 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 areprovided. The communication lines L1 extend from the control substrateCN1 to the last inverter INV3. The communication lines L2 extend fromthe control substrate CN2 to the last inverter INV1.

According to the water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 10, in the casewhere an abnormality has occurred in the communication lines L1 (or L2),the communication can be maintained by the other communication lines L2(or L1), which can thus prevent the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 fromgoing out of control that can be caused by a failure of thecommunication lines due to noise or the like. Further, because thesignal lines SL1, SL2, and SL3 that can convey the analog signals or thecontact signals between the control substrate CN2 and the invertersINV1, INV2, and INV3 are provided, the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3can be controlled so as to output variable rotational frequencies in thecase where the control substrate CN2 outputs the analog signals, andfurther the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 can be controlled so as tooutput a plurality of predetermined fixed rotational frequencies in astepwise fashion in the case where the control substrate CN2 outputs thecontact signals.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, even if all of thecommunications have failed to function properly, the inverters INV1,INV2, and INV3 can be controlled by the analog signals or the contactsignals through the signal lines SL1, SL2, and SL3 connecting thecontrol substrate CN2 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. That is,even when the abnormality occurs in the communications, the analogsignals or the contact signals, which are resistant to external causes,such as surge and noise, can back up the communications to thereby allowthe water supply apparatus to maintain its operation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the structure for transmitting theanalog signals or the contact signals between the control substrate andthe inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 is provided in the water supplyapparatus having two sets of communication lines between the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2 and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.Alternatively, the structure for transmitting the analog signals or thecontact signals between the control substrate and the inverters INV1,INV2, and INV3 may be provided in the water supply apparatus having oneset of communication lines between the control substrates CN1 and CN2and the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. In this case also, even when theabnormality occurs in the communications, the analog signals or thecontact signals can back up the communications to thereby allow thewater supply apparatus to maintain its operation.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which the switchesSW1 and SW2 for turning on and off the communications are provided inthe water supply apparatus shown in FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 11, twocommunication ports (i.e., the communication port 1 and thecommunication port 2) are provided in each of the control substrates CN1and CN2, and two ports (i.e., the port 1 and the port 2) are provided ineach of the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3. The control substrate CN1,the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3, and the control substrate CN2 areconnected in series by different communication lines L1 and L2, whichprovide two sets of communication lines that enable the communication 1and the communication 2. Switch SW1 for turning on and off thecommunication is provided on the communication line connecting thecontrol substrate CN1 and the first inverter INV1. Switch SW2 forturning on and off the communication is provided on the communicationline connecting the control substrate CN2 and the first inverter INV3.ON/OFF control of the switch SW1 is performed based on ON/OFF signalsoutputted from the control substrate CN2, and ON/OFF control of theswitch SW2 is performed based on ON/OFF signals outputted from thecontrol substrate CN1.

In the above-described structures, when an abnormality occurs in thecontrol substrate CN1 that is in operation, the other control substrateCN2, which is in a standby state, backs up the control substrate CN1.When this backup operation is performed, the control substrate CN2outputs an OFF signal for the switch to turn off the switch SW1, therebyphysically breaking the communication line between the control substrateCN1 and the inverter INV1. As a result, the three inverters INV1, INV2,and INV3 are controlled only by the control substrate CN2. Therefore, awrong command from the faulty control substrate CN1 is not transmittedto the inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

Further, when an abnormality occurs in the control substrate CN2 that isin operation, the other control substrate CN1, which is in a standbystate, backs up the control substrate CN2. When this backup operation isperformed, the control substrate CN1 outputs an OFF signal for theswitch to turn off the switch SW2, thereby physically breaking thecommunication line between the control substrate CN2 and the inverterINV3. As a result, the three inverters INV1, INV2, and INV3 arecontrolled only by the control substrate CN1. Therefore, a wrong commandfrom the faulty control substrate CN2 is not transmitted to theinverters INV1, INV2, and INV3.

Because the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2 areconfigured to output contact signals for turning on and off thecommunications to the switches SW1 and SW2 as shown in FIG. 11, theapparatus can be made compact. Further, because the switch SW1 (or SW2)for turning on and off the communication is provided on thecommunication line connecting between the control substrate CN1 (or CN2)and the first inverter INV1 (or INV3), the communication lines of thefaulty control substrate can be cut off completely from the origin ofthe malfunction.

FIG. 12 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention and is a schematic view showingfurther details of arrangement of components of the water supplyapparatus shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 12, a surge absorber AL1 and a surgeabsorber AL2 are provided in the power supply system. A surge dischargewithstand current rating of one of the surge absorbers AL1 and AL2 isset to be high, and that of the other is set to be low. Specifically,while the surge absorbers AL1 and AL2 are each configured to absorbsurge both between lines and between ground and line and have largedischarge withstand current ratings, the surge absorber AL2 has a largerdischarge withstand current rating than that of the surge absorber AL1.For example, the surge absorber AL1 has a discharge withstand currentrating of 10 kA, while the surge absorber AL2 has a discharge withstandcurrent rating of 20 kA. With these configurations, even if a failureoccurs in one surge absorber due to surge caused by lightning, the othercan operate normally.

Further, in FIG. 12, a noise attenuation capability of one of the noisefilter NF1 and the noise filter NF2, which are provided in the powersupply system, is set to be high, and that of the other is set to below. Specifically, the noise filter NF2 has a higher level of noiseattenuation capability than that of the noise filter NFL With theseconfigurations, even if a failure occurs in one of the noise filters dueto surge caused by lightning, the other can operate normally.

Furthermore, in FIG. 12, a withstand voltage and an allowable maximumpressure (i.e., water-pressure resistance) of one of the pressure sensorPS1 and the pressure sensor PS2, which are provided in the dischargepipe 20, are set to be high, and those of the other are set to be low.Specifically, the pressure sensor PS2 has a higher level of withstandvoltage than that of the pressure sensor PS1, and the pressure sensorPS2 has a higher allowable maximum pressure (i.e., water-pressureresistance) than that of the pressure sensor PS1. For example, thepressure sensor PS2 has a withstand voltage of 250 V, and the pressuresensor PS1 has a withstand voltage of 100 V. The pressure sensor PS2 hasan allowable maximum pressure (i.e., water-pressure resistance) that istwice as high as a pressure range, and the pressure sensor PS1 has anallowable maximum pressure (i.e., water-pressure resistance) that is 1.5times the pressure range.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG. 12, the power supply system including the surge absorbers AL1 andAL2 and the noise filters NF1 and NF2 connected respectively to thecontrol substrates CN1 and CN2, the signal system including the pressuresensors PS1 and PS2, and the control system including the communicationlines L1 and L2 are each constituted by two sets of systems. The levelsof resistance to external causes, such as surge, noise, andwater-pressure resistance, are different between the respective two setsof systems.

Specifically, the power supply system is constructed by two sets ofsystems: a system including the surge absorber AL1 and the noise filterNF1 and connected to the control substrate CN1; and a system includingthe surge absorber AL2 and the noise filter NF2 and connected to thecontrol substrate CN2. The level of resistance to external causes of oneof the two sets of systems is different from the level of resistance toexternal causes of the other. In the present embodiment, the powersupply system connected to the control substrate CN2 has a higher levelof resistance to external causes than that of the power supply systemconnected to the control substrate CN1.

Further, the signal system is constructed by two sets of systems: asystem including the pressure sensor PS1 and connected to the controlsubstrate CN1; and a system including the pressure sensor PS2 andconnected to the control substrate CN2. The level of resistance toexternal causes of one of the two sets of systems is different from thelevel of resistance to external causes of the other. In the presentembodiment, the signal system connected to the control substrate CN2 hasa higher level of resistance to external causes than that of the signalsystem connected to the control substrate CN1.

The control system is constructed by two sets of systems: a systemincluding the communication lines L1 and connected to the controlsubstrate CN1; and a system including the communication lines L2 andconnected to the control substrate CN2. The level of resistance toexternal causes of one of the two sets of systems is different from thelevel of resistance to external causes of the other. In the presentembodiment, the control system connected to the control substrate CN2has a higher level of resistance to external causes than that of thecontrol system connected to the control substrate CN1.

As described above, the systems connected to the control substrate CN2,which is typically used as a backup control substrate, have a higherlevel of tolerance to the surge and noise and a higher level ofresistance to external causes, such as water-pressure resistance.Therefore, when the backup operation is needed, the systems at thebackup side including the control substrate CN2 can be operatedreliably.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing pressure-detecting sections of thewater supply apparatus according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13,two sets of pressure sensors are connected to each of the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2. Specifically, pressure sensors PS1-1 and PS1-2are connected to the control substrate CN1, and pressure sensors PS2-1and PS2-2 are connected to the control substrate CN2. In this case, thepressure sensors in the same control substrate have different levels ofwithstand water-pressure (i.e., different water-pressure resistances).Specifically, the pressure sensor PS1-2 has a higher level of withstandwater-pressure than a level of withstand water-pressure of the pressuresensor PS1-1, and the pressure sensor PS2-2 has a higher level ofwithstand water-pressure than a level of withstand water-pressure of thepressure sensor PS2-1. The pressure sensors PS1-2 and PS2-2, each havinga higher level of withstand pressure, are used as backup pressuresensors.

As described above, because the multiple pressure sensors have differentlevels of withstand water-pressure (i.e., different water-pressureresistances) in the same control substrate, even if a failure occurs inone pressure sensor, the other pressure sensor can perform pressuredetection. Therefore, reliability of the water supply apparatus can beimproved. Although not shown in FIG. 13, the four pressure sensorsPS1-1, PS1-2, PS2-1, and PS2-2 may be of the same type, which has thesame pressure range. In this case, it is possible to detect a failure oran abnormality of the sensor by comparing detection values of themultiple pressure sensors, e.g., four pressure sensors.

The number of pressure sensors connected to each control substrate canbe determined appropriately.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing pressure-detecting sections of thewater supply apparatus according to another embodiment. As shown in FIG.14, a pressure sensor PS is provided in one pressure-detecting sectionconnected to one control substrate, and a pressure switch PW is providedin the other pressure-detecting section connected to the other controlsubstrate. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the pressure sensor PS isconnected to the control substrate CN1, and the pressure switch PW isconnected to the control substrate CN2. The pressure sensor PS isconfigured to detect pressure and output an analog signal or a digitalsignal corresponding to the detected pressure value. The pressure switchis configured to output ON/OFF signal corresponding to presetpredetermined pressure.

As shown in FIG. 14, the pressure sensor PS is connected to the controlsubstrate CN1 and the pressure switch PW is connected to the controlsubstrate CN2. Because the pressure switch PW has a higher level ofdurability against the external causes, such as noise, than that of thepressure sensor PS, the influence of the external causes can be reduced.Therefore, when the backup operation is needed, the systems at thebackup side including the control substrate CN2 can be operatedreliably.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing an embodiment in which power inputsections are provided in the control substrates of the water supplyapparatus. As shown in FIG. 15, power input sections PIN1 and PIN2 areprovided in the control substrates CN1 and CN2, respectively, and powersupply sections PWS1 and PWS2 are provided so as to correspond to thepower input sections PIN1 and PIN2. The power supply section PWS1 andthe power input section PIN1 of the control substrate CN1 are connected,and the power supply section PWS1 of the control substrate CN1 and thepower input section PIN2 of the control substrate CN2 are configured tobe able to be connected. Further, the power supply section PWS2 and thepower input section PIN2 of the control substrate CN2 are connected, andthe power supply section PWS2 of the control substrate CN2 and the powerinput section PIN1 of the control substrate CN1 are configured to beable to be connected.

With these structures, if a failure occurs in the power supply sectionPWS1 of the control substrate CN1 while the power supply section PWS1 ofthe control substrate CN1 is feeding power to the power input sectionPIN1, the power supply section PWS2 of the control substrate CN2 canback up the power supply section PWS1 so as to feed power to the powerinput section PIN1 of the control substrate CN1. If a failure occurs inthe power supply section PWS2 of the control substrate CN2 while thepower supply section PWS2 of the control substrate CN2 is feeding powerto the power input section PIN2, the power supply section PWS1 of thecontrol substrate CN1 can back up the power supply section PWS2 so as tofeed power to the power input section PIN2 of the control substrate CN2.In this case, the power supply section of the faulty control substrateis able to grasp and retain situations of the failure thereof.

While the power supply section is provided in the control substrate inthe example shown in FIG. 15, the power supply section may be a powersupply substrate provided separately from the control substrate.

FIG. 16 is a view showing an embodiment of the water supply apparatusaccording to the present invention. Structures in this embodiment whichwill not be described particularly are identical to those of the watersupply apparatus shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment also, the controlsubstrate CN1 functions as a main control substrate, and the controlsubstrate CN2 functions as a backup control substrate. Specifically, inthe normal operation, the operations of the pumps are controlled by thecontrol substrate CN1, and in the event of a failure of the controlsubstrate CN1, the backup operation by the control substrate CN2 isperformed.

As shown in FIG. 16, the power supply substrates (i.e., power supplysections) PWS1 and PWS2 are connected to the control substrates CN1 andCN2, respectively. The power supply substrates PWS1 and PWS2 areprovided separately from the control substrates CN1 and CN2. These powersupply substrates PWS1 and PWS2 are connected to the power source 5 viathe noise filters NF1 and NF2 and the surge absorbers AL1 and AL2 shownin FIG. 1.

Further, operation indicators OD1 and OD2 are connected to the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2, respectively. As shown in FIG. 17, each of theoperation indicators OD1 and OD2 includes plural buttons and a display,which are arranged so as to appear on a front panel of a control board40 to thereby accept button operations from the exterior thereof. Theabove-described control substrates CN1 and CN2 and the power supplysubstrates PWS1 and PWS2 are housed in the control board 40.

The operation indicators OD1 and OD2 are connected to the controlsubstrates CN1 and CN2 via electrical signals that are different fromthe communication ports 1 and 3. Supply of power to the operationindicators OD1 and OD2 is performed through the control substrates CN1and CN2. The operation indicators OD1 and OD2 serve as input device forvarious kinds of settings of the water supply apparatus. Specifically,start and stop of the operation of the water supply apparatus areperformed through the button operations on the operation indicators OD1and OD2. Further, various kinds of settings of the water supplyapparatus, e.g., setting of a target value of the discharge pressure andsetting of whether or not to control the electromagnetic valve 16 (seeFIG. 1) of the water reservoir 2, are performed through the operationindicators OD1 and OD2. These settings are stored in non-illustratedmemories in the control substrates CN1 and CN2.

It is preferable that both of the control substrates CN1 and CN2 storethe same settings therein, other than their intrinsic settings of thecontrol substrates CN1 and CN2 (e.g., a setting of designating thecontrol substrate as the main control substrate or the backup controlsubstrate). Therefore, it is preferable that once the settings arestored in one of the control substrates CN1 and CN2 through thecorresponding operation indicator, information of these settings istransmitted to the other control substrate through the communication sothat the same settings are stored in both of the control substrates CN1and CN2.

Further, the displays of the operation indicators OD1 and OD2 areconfigured to indicate operating conditions of the water supplyapparatus, e.g., water-supply pressure detected by the pressure sensorsPS1 and PS2 and current values for driving the motors 4. As shown inFIG. 17, a backup lamp 45 for indicating the backup operation isprovided on the front panel of the control board 40.

When a failure occurs in the control substrate CN1 or the correspondingpressure sensor PS1, the operation of the water supply apparatus isswitched to the backup operation performed by the control substrate CN2.The procedures of switching from the control substrate CN1 to thecontrol substrate CN2 are as follows:

(1) a failure occurs in the control substrate CN1 or the pressure sensorPS1 (a condition for switching to the control substrate CN2 isfulfilled);

(2) the operation indicator OD1, connected to the control substrate CN1,generates an alarm indicating the occurrence the failure;

(3) the operation control of the water supply apparatus is switched fromthe control substrate CN1 to the control substrate CN2, so that thecontrol substrate CN2 starts operating the pumps 3; and

(4) a code, indicating the backup operation, is indicated on both of theoperation indicators OD1 and OD2 and the backup lamp 45 on the controlboard 40 lights up.

Switching to the control substrate CN2 (i.e., the backup operation) isperformed automatically when any of the following situations isdetected.

(i) A failure of the control substrate CN1

(ii) A failure of the pressure sensor PS1

(iii) A communication abnormality between the control substrate CN1 andall of the inverters INV1 to INV3

(iv) A communication abnormality between the control substrate CN1 andthe control substrate CN2 (a failure of the power supply substrate PWS1connected to the control substrate CN1 is included in this communicationabnormality)

The details of the backup operation, other than the alarm and theindication, are identical to those in the previously describedembodiment. When the various settings are changed in the controlsubstrate CN2 during the backup operation, information on the change inthe settings is stored in common through the communication with thecontrol substrate CN1. However, in the case where the communicationbetween the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2 has beenshut down, water supply control based on different settings may possiblybe performed by the control substrate CN1, upon termination of thebackup operation. Thus, with respect to the settings to be stored incommon in the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2, it ispreferable to overwrite the settings of the control substrate CN1 withthe settings of the control substrate CN2 through the communicationbetween the control substrate CN1 and the control substrate CN2, uponreturning from the backup operation.

The operation indicators in this embodiment can be used in the otherembodiments described previously. Further, while the operationindicators are provided separately from the control substrates in thisembodiment, the operation indicators and the control substrates may bestructured integrally.

Although several embodiments of the present invention are describedabove, the present invention is not intended to be limited to theseembodiments. It should be noted that various changes and modificationscan be made within the scope of the technical concept of the presentinvention. For example, while two sets of water level detectorscorresponding to the respective control substrate are provided in theembodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 16, only one set of water leveldetector may be installed and a signal line from the water leveldetector may be divided into two lines that are connected to therespective control substrates. In the case of providing one set of waterlevel detector, it is preferable to take measures in each controlsubstrate against the surge and noise that might enter the respectivecontrol substrate via the divided signal line.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is applicable to a water supply apparatus having aplurality of pumps and inverters for supplying water to an apartmenthouse or the like by operating the pumps at variable speeds.

1. A water supply apparatus, comprising: a plurality of pumps; aplurality of inverters each configured to change and control arotational frequency of a corresponding one of said plurality of pumps;and a plurality of control substrates configured to control saidplurality of inverters, wherein when an abnormality occurs in onecontrol substrate, other control substrate backs up said one controlsubstrate to thereby allow said water supply apparatus to continue itsoperations, wherein said one control substrate, said plurality ofinverters, and said other control substrate are connected in series bycommunication lines, and wherein a switch for turning on and off acommunication is provided on said communication lines.
 2. The watersupply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an output deviceconfigured to output signals for turning on and off said switch isprovided in said one control substrate or said other control substrate.3. The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said switchis provided on a communication line connecting said one controlsubstrate and/or said other control substrate to a first one of saidplurality of inverters.
 4. The water supply apparatus according to claim2, wherein said plurality of control substrates have a reset function tostop the communication of said one control substrate or said othercontrol substrate in operation and to reset said switch, in order torestart said one control substrate or said other control substrate aftersaid switch is operated as a result of occurrence of the abnormality. 5.The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein power switchesare provided in a power supply system for supplying power to said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate, respectively.
 6. Thewater supply apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said power switchesare provided in said plurality of control substrates.
 7. The watersupply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate are supplied with power atall times.
 8. The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, whereinsaid one control substrate and said other control substrate areconnected via a communication line, and a monitoring device formonitoring whether or not said plurality of control substrates areoperating normally is provided.
 9. The water supply apparatus accordingto claim 1, wherein said one control substrate and said other controlsubstrate are connected via a communication line, and a monitoringdevice for monitoring whether or not said plurality of controlsubstrates and said plurality of inverters are communicating normally isprovided.
 10. The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, whereinsaid at least one control substrate and said plurality of inverters areconnected by signal lines that convey analog signals or contact signals.11. The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate have saidpressure-detecting sections; a pressure sensor is provided in one ofsaid pressure-detecting sections; and a pressure switch is provided inother of said pressure-detecting sections.
 12. The water supplyapparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate has at least one set ofpressure-detecting device.
 13. The water supply apparatus according toclaim 12, further comprising a judging device configured to comparedetection values inputted from said pressure-detection devices into saidone control substrate and said other control substrate and to judge thatthe input signals are abnormal when the detection values are different.14. The water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate have power inputsections, respectively; and each of said power input sections isconnected to a corresponding one of power supply sections and isconfigured to be able to be connected to other of said power supplysections.
 15. The water supply apparatus according to claim 14, whereinsaid one control substrate and said other control substrate include saidpower supply sections therein, respectively.
 16. The water supplyapparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality ofoperation indicators through which various kinds of settings foroperation and control of said water supply apparatus are performed, saidplurality of operation indicators being connected to said plurality ofcontrol substrates, respectively, wherein said plurality of operationindicators have displays configured to indicate operating conditions ofsaid water supply apparatus.
 17. A water supply apparatus, comprising: aplurality of pumps; a plurality of inverters each configured to changeand control a rotational frequency of a corresponding one of saidplurality of pumps; and a plurality of control substrates configured tocontrol said plurality of inverters, wherein when an abnormality occursin one control substrate, other control substrate backs up said onecontrol substrate to thereby allow said water supply apparatus tocontinue its operations, wherein each of said plurality of inverters isprovided with at least two different communication ports, and whereinsaid one control substrate is connected to said plurality of invertersin series by communication lines and said other control substrate isconnected to said plurality of inverters in series by differentcommunication lines.
 18. The water supply apparatus according to claim17, wherein each of said plurality of control substrates is providedwith at least two different communication ports, and said one controlsubstrate, said plurality of inverters, and said other control substrateare connected in series by a plurality of communication lines,respectively.
 19. The water supply apparatus according to claim 17,wherein different communication lines extend respectively from said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate to a last one of saidplurality of inverters in series.
 20. The water supply apparatusaccording to claim 17, wherein said at least one control substrate andsaid plurality of inverters are connected by signal lines that conveyanalog signals or contact signals.
 21. The water supply apparatusaccording to claim 17, wherein a switch for turning on and off acommunication is provided on said communication lines connecting saidone control substrate or said other control substrate to said pluralityof inverters.
 22. The water supply apparatus according to claim 21,wherein said switch is provided on a communication line connecting saidone control substrate and/or said other control substrate to a first oneof said plurality of inverters.
 23. The water supply apparatus accordingto claim 17, wherein: said one control substrate and said other controlsubstrate have pressure-detecting sections; a pressure sensor isprovided in one of said pressure-detecting sections; and a pressureswitch is provided in other of said pressure-detecting sections.
 24. Thewater supply apparatus according to claim 17, wherein each of said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate has at least one setof pressure-detecting device.
 25. The water supply apparatus accordingto claim 24, further comprising a judging device configured to comparedetection values inputted from said pressure-detection devices into saidone control substrate and said other control substrate and to judge thatthe input signals are abnormal when the detection values are different.26. The water supply apparatus according to claim 17, wherein: said onecontrol substrate and said other control substrate have power inputsections, respectively; and each of said power input sections isconnected to a corresponding one of power supply sections and isconfigured to be able to be connected to other of said power supplysections.
 27. The water supply apparatus according to claim 26, whereinsaid one control substrate and said other control substrate include saidpower supply sections therein, respectively.
 28. The water supplyapparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a plurality ofoperation indicators through which various kinds of settings foroperation and control of said water supply apparatus are performed, saidplurality of operation indicators being connected to said plurality ofcontrol substrates, respectively, wherein said plurality of operationindicators have displays configured to indicate operating conditions ofsaid water supply apparatus.
 29. A water supply apparatus, comprising: aplurality of pumps; a plurality of inverters each configured to changeand control a rotational frequency of a corresponding one of saidplurality of pumps; and a plurality of control substrates configured tocontrol said plurality of inverters, wherein when an abnormality occursin one control substrate, other control substrate backs up said onecontrol substrate to thereby allow said water supply apparatus tocontinue its operations, wherein multiple sets of power supply systems,multiple sets of signals systems, and multiple sets of control systemsare connected to said one control substrate and said other controlsubstrate, and wherein in at least one of said power supply systems,said signals systems, and said control systems, one of said multiplesets has a different level of resistance to external causes from a levelof resistance to the external causes of other of said multiple sets. 30.The water supply apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the level ofresistance to the external causes is a level of tolerance to at leastone of surge and noise.
 31. The water supply apparatus according toclaim 30, wherein the level of tolerance to the surge and/or noise withrespect to said other of said multiple sets connected to said othercontrol substrate is higher than the level of tolerance to the surgeand/or noise with respect to said one of said multiple sets connected tosaid one control substrate.
 32. The water supply apparatus according toclaim 29, wherein: the level of resistance to the external causes iswater-pressure resistance of a pressure-detecting section; andwater-pressure resistance of a pressure-detecting section connected tosaid one control substrate is different from water-pressure resistanceof a pressure-detecting section connected to said other controlsubstrate.
 33. The water supply apparatus according to claim 32,wherein: a plurality of pressure-detecting sections are connected toeach of said one control substrate and said other control substrate; andsaid plurality of pressure-detecting sections in the same controlsubstrate have different water-pressure resistances.
 34. The watersupply apparatus according to claim 29, wherein: said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate have pressure-detectingsections; a pressure sensor is provided in one of saidpressure-detecting sections; and a pressure switch is provided in otherof said pressure-detecting sections.
 35. The water supply apparatusaccording to claim 29, wherein each of said one control substrate andsaid other control substrate has at least one set of pressure-detectingdevice.
 36. The water supply apparatus according to claim 35, furthercomprising a judging device configured to compare detection valuesinputted from said pressure-detection devices into said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate and to judge that the inputsignals are abnormal when the detection values are different.
 37. Thewater supply apparatus according to claim 29, wherein: said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate have power input sections,respectively; and each of said power input sections is connected to acorresponding one of power supply sections and is configured to be ableto be connected to other of said power supply sections.
 38. The watersupply apparatus according to claim 37, wherein said one controlsubstrate and said other control substrate include said power supplysections therein, respectively.